| dc.description.abstract | A review of literature was conducted to search what
are the past studies approach and observation related to the
effects of school backpack carrying on primary school children
below 12 years old and solutions in reducing the effects.
Engineering Village, Science Direct and Google Scholars were
searched with the following keywords: backpack, back pain,
load, children, adolescent and physical fitness for related articles.
Sixteen articles were reviewed to see the findings of past
researchers. From the review we came to the conclusion that
there are several factors which contributed to the risk of back
pain and the effects can be observed through their gait postures
response [3, 8, 9] physiological and psychological, [4, 7,10, 11, 16]
and the ground reaction force during walking [12, 14]
In summary, the change in postures include trunk
leaning forward developing a experience of back pain, he time
carrying pack may strongly contribute to back pain. Load should
not exceed 15% of body weight. When carrying load of 15% of
body weight, the children adopted a trunk inclination. This case
is worsened when the load increase to 20% of body weight. This
is because a significant effect was observed at load of 20% of
body weight, where the GRF and trunk inclination increased
almost three times. | en_US |
