Sol-gel synthesis and characterization of Ba1-xGdxTiO3+δ thin films on SiO2/Si substrates using spin-coating technique
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Date
2017Author
Teh, Yen Chin
Ala’eddin, A. Saif
Prabakaran, Poopalan
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Ba1-xGdxTiO3+δ, at x = 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, (BGT) thin films have been fabricated on SiO2/Si substrate using sol-gel
method. The microstructure and surface morphology of the fabricated films have been investigated using X-ray diffraction
(XRD) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The XRD results show that the fabricated films are crystalline with perovskite
structure. There is a shifting of the preferred peak at 31.5° to a higher angle as the doping ratio increases suggesting a
distortion lattice exists in the films, which could be due to the substitution of Gd3+ ions into Ba-site. The decreasing of
lattice constants confirms the substitution of Gd3+ in BaTiO3 lattice structure. The microstrain and dislocation density are
found to be increased with the increase of Gd3+ doping, which attributed to the reduction of lattice volume that due to the
ionic size mismatch effect. The AFM results show decreasing trend in both average grain size and roughness parameters.
Therefore, the microstructure and surface morphology of BGT samples is strongly dependent on the Gd3+ doping
concentration that mainly due to the difference ionic radius substitution.